化学实验室安全教育实效研究*——以大二学生为例

为考察化学实验室安全教育实效,本文对天津理工大学化学化工学院大二学生的实验室焦虑、安全态度、安全意识以及安全知识进行问卷调查。调查结果表明:实验室焦虑存在性别差异,女生焦虑情绪比男生严重;参加过安全教育培训学生比未参加安全培训学生安全态度更为端正。回归分析表明:实验室焦虑、安全态度和安全知识都与安全意图显著正相关。基于统计分析结果,提出以下安全培训提升策略:关注学生心理安全,加强情绪疏导,克服实验室焦虑;优化安全教育模式,发挥学生主观能动性,提高安全教育实效。最后,安全教育也是立德树人的过程,通过安全教育,将学生培养成为敬畏生命、敬畏责任、敬畏规章、具有正确安全道德价值观的化工行业从业人员。     

AN EFFICIENT SEQUENTIAL DESIGN FOR SENSITIVITY EXPERIMENTS

In sensitivity experiments, the response is binary and each experimental unit has a critical stimulus level that cannot be observed directly. It is often of interest to estimate extreme quantiles of the distribution of these critical stimulus levels over the tested products. For this purpose a new sequential scheme is proposed with some commonly used models. By using the bootstrap repeated-sampling principle, reasonable prior distributions based on a historic data set are specified. Then, a Bayesian strategy for the sequential procedure is provided and the estimator is given. Further, a high order approximation for such an estimator is explored and its consistency is proven. A simulation study shows that the proposed method gives superior performances over the existing methods.     

基于线上线下结合的无机定性分析实验教学

针对在实验室开设定性分析实验受到的制约,设计并开设了"无机化合物的性质与鉴定"虚拟实验,以作为常规无机定性分析实验的重要补充和扩展。虚拟实验和传统实验一并开设,构成线上线下结合的教学模式,完善知识体系,全面培养学生的无机定性分析能力。     

无机化学实验室危险废物减量化

高校化学实验室每年要产生大量危险废物,对学校及周边环境造成了严重危害.该文就消除和/或减少废物的产生以及废旧材料的再利用、回收或循环等方面介绍高校无机化学实验室危险废物减量化的成果与进展.     

Schnell-Methode zur Umsetzung von Kohlenwasserstoffen zu Wasserstoff für die Isotopenanalyse

Es wird eine weiterentwickeltes, isotopenanalytisches Verfahren zur probenchemischen Umsetzung von Kohlenwasserstoffen mit Chromium zu Wasserstoff bei 1300 K vorgestellt. Die erzielten Testergebnisse zeigen anhand der gemessenen δD-Werte, daβ Quarzöfen bei diesen Temperaturen noch keine die Isotopenmeβwerte beeinflussende Diffusion von Wasserstoff durch die Wandung zulassen. Auβerdem erfolgte die Reaktion nahezu spontan und vollständig, was die Methode zeitlich sehr effektiv macht.

A modified isotope analytical method is presented for the chemical reaction of hydrocarbons with chromium at 1300 K to form hydrogen. The test results obtained (i.e. the measured δD-values) show that at this temperature quartz heating tubes do not allow hydrogen to diffuse through the wail, which fact would influence the isotopic composition. Furthermore the reaction proceeds nearly spontaneously and quantitatively, which yields an effective method, especially with respect to time.     

Advances on the Determination of the Astatine Pourbaix Diagram: Predomination of AtO(OH)2− over At− in Basic Conditions

It is generally assumed that astatide (At^?) is the predominant astatine species in basic aqueous media. This assumption is questioned in non‐complexing and non‐reductive aqueous solutions by means of high‐pressure anion‐exchange chromatography. Contrary to what is usually believed, astatide is found to be a minor species at pH=11. A different species, which also bears a single negative charge, becomes predominant when the pH is increased beyond 7. Using competition experiments, an equilibrium constant value of 10^?6.9 has been determined for the formation of this species from AtO(OH) with the exchange of one proton. The identification of this species, AtO(OH)₂^?, is achieved through relativistic quantum mechanical calculations, which rule out the significant formation of the AtO₂^? species, while leading to a hydrolysis constant of AtO(OH) in excellent agreement with experiment when the AtO(OH)₂^? species is considered. Beyond the completion of the Pourbaix diagram of astatine, this new information is of interest for the development of ²¹¹At radiolabeling protocols.     

Alpha decay energies and half-lives for possibly synthesized superheavy elements

We investigate the ground state properties of some superheavy nuclei, which may be synthesized in future experiments. Special emphases are placed on the alpha decay energies and half-lives. The alpha decay energies and half-lives from different theoretical models are compared and discussed comprehensively. Through these calculations and comparisons, the optimal superheavy elements to be synthesized in future experiments are proposed theoretically.     

An explanation for deviations from the quark number scaling of elliptic flows in low pT region

We carry out a systematic study of the different contributions to the deviations of the elliptic flows from the quark number scaling in high energy heavy ion collision in a quark combination model.The effects that we considered are:the resonance decay,the flavor dependence of the quark elliptic flow and the combination of quarks/antiquarks with slightly different transverse momenta.Our results show that the deviations observed in experiments can be well reproduced within the combination framework if all the three effects are considered. We make a detailed analysis of the different contributions using a Monte-Carlo program and suggest measuring the quark number scaling in intermediate pT range more precisely.     

A High Efficiency,High Throughput Unipolar Aerosol Charger for Nanoparticles

A novel aerosol charger has been developed, which has high efficiency and high throughput especially for nanometer particles in the size range of 3–50nm. Unipolar charging with high ion concentration and long charging time is used to obtain the high charging efficiency. High throughput is achieved by reducing particle loss within the charger. This is accomplished by directing ion flow and aerosol flow in the same direction and by the use of sheath air flow. The charger configuration is of a longitudinal design – the direction of aerosol stream and ion stream are flowing parallel along the longitudinal axis of the charger. The charger consists of four sections: the inlet zone, the ion production zone, the unipolar charging zone, and the exit zone. In the inlet and ion production zones, unipolar ions are generated using Po²¹⁰ radioactive sources with an electric field designed to separate the positive and negative ions, and to focus the selected unipolar ions into the core region of the charger. The ions with the selected polarity is then attracted to the charging zone by an uniform electric field created by a series of ring electrodes applied with a linear ramped voltage. Aerosol entering the charger is sheathed with clean gas flow in order to keep the aerosol in the core region. A novel exit design with a reversed electric field is incorporated in order to minimize the charged particles loss. The performance of the charger is first evaluated using computer simulation and then constructed for experimental validation. Experiment data have demonstrated that the charger achieves 90% and 95% charged-particles penetration efficiency and with 22% and 48% extrinsic charging efficiency at 3 and 5nm particle sizes, respectively. These performance data represent significant improvement, over a factor of 10, compared with the existing chargers.